What does research say about the link between immunological factors and RPL?

For many couples, miscarriage is a deeply painful experience. When it happens more than once, it becomes a medical condition known as Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL). While genetic, anatomical, and hormonal factors are often explored, research shows that immunological factors can also contribute to repeated miscarriages. The immune system, which normally protects the body, sometimes reacts in ways that affect pregnancy, making this an important area of investigation.

At this point, specialized care becomes essential. This is where ICPRM (Dr. Raut's Centre for Reproductive Immunology) plays a vital role. As a dedicated recurrent pregnancy loss clinic, ICPRM combines advanced diagnostics, compassionate care, and evidence-based therapies. With experienced recurrent miscarriage specialists, the clinic helps couples identify the right causes and receive tailored recurrent miscarriage treatment for better pregnancy outcomes.

How the Immune System Affects Pregnancy

During pregnancy, the maternal immune system performs a delicate balancing act. It must continue to protect the mother from infections while tolerating the fetus, which carries foreign paternal genes. If this balance is disrupted, the immune system may react against the pregnancy, increasing the risk of miscarriage.

At ICPRM, specialists examine these less obvious immune-related factors to identify the cause of RPL. Understanding how immunity interacts with pregnancy allows clinicians to recommend targeted treatments rather than generic solutions.

Immune-Related Causes of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss

While several factors can contribute to recurrent miscarriage, certain immune-related conditions are among the most well-studied. These conditions affect how the body responds to pregnancy, sometimes leading to complications such as impaired implantation or reduced blood flow to the fetus. Understanding these immune mechanisms is important for guiding effective recurrent miscarriage treatment at specialized clinics like ICPRM.

Thyroid Autoimmunity and Miscarriage Risk

Another immune-related condition associated with RPL is thyroid autoimmunity. Women who test positive for thyroid antibodies (such as anti-TPO or anti-TG) have a higher risk of miscarriage, even when thyroid hormone levels are within the normal range.

At ICPRM, our recurrent miscarriage specialists routinely check thyroid function and antibody levels in women with RPL. Overt thyroid disorders are treated, while unnecessary medication is avoided in women who are otherwise healthy. This ensures safe, effective, and personalized care.

Controversial Immune Factors: NK Cells, HLA, and Cytokines

Apart from well-known immune causes like APS and thyroid autoimmunity, researchers have explored other immune factors such as natural killer (NK) cells, HLA compatibility, and cytokine imbalances. These factors were thought to affect implantation or early fetal development, but the evidence remains inconclusive.

Because of this, tests for NK cells, HLA compatibility, or cytokine profiles are not recommended in routine evaluations for recurrent miscarriage. Similarly, experimental treatments like IVIG, steroids, or intralipid infusions have not consistently improved pregnancy outcomes and are only considered in research settings.

At ICPRM, we focus on evidence-based treatments, avoiding unnecessary tests and unproven interventions. This ensures that patients receive care that truly makes a difference, improving their chances of a healthy pregnancy without added risks or false hope.

Inherited Thrombophilia: A Related Concern

While inherited thrombophilia is not an immune disorder, it can increase the risk of miscarriage by making the blood more prone to clotting, which may affect placental blood flow. However, testing is recommended only for women with a personal or strong family history of blood clots, as routine screening in low-risk women offers little benefit.
At ICPRM, we follow these evidence-based guidelines, ensuring testing is targeted and meaningful. This approach allows our recurrent miscarriage specialists to provide personalized care while avoiding unnecessary procedures, giving patients the best chance of a healthy pregnancy.

Why Choose ICPRM for Recurrent Miscarriage Treatment

ICPRM is one of the leading recurrent miscarriage treatment hospitals because of its comprehensive and patient-focused approach. Every patient undergoes a thorough assessment of immune, genetic, hormonal, and anatomical factors to identify the underlying causes of pregnancy loss.

The center offers ImmuLIT®, a specialized immunotherapy developed at Dr. Raut's Centre for Reproductive Immunology to support the body’s natural immune balance during pregnancy. ImmuLIT® is combined with targeted immunomodulatory medications to enhance treatment effectiveness and improve the chances of a successful pregnancy.
ICPRM also addresses the emotional impact of recurrent miscarriages. Couples receive psychological support throughout their journey, while expert specialists develop personalized treatment plans based on each patient’s history and needs. By combining advanced medical care with compassionate support, ICPRM provides a trusted pathway for couples aiming for successful pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusion

Research shows that immunological factors, especially antiphospholipid syndrome and thyroid autoimmunity, are important contributors to recurrent pregnancy loss. However, many immune-related tests and treatments remain experimental and are not recommended for routine use. Understanding which factors truly affect pregnancy is key to effective care.

At ICPRM's recurrent pregnancy loss clinic, we focus on identifying the real causes of RPL and providing safe, evidence-based treatments. Our compassionate team of recurrent miscarriage specialists supports couples throughout their journey, offering guidance and care tailored to each patient. Book your consultation today and take the first step toward a healthier pregnancy.

FAQs

1. What is considered a low beta hCG level?
Beta hCG levels vary, but generally, levels below expected ranges for the corresponding week of pregnancy may be considered low and require monitoring.

2. Can a single low beta hCG reading indicate miscarriage?
Not necessarily. Doctors usually monitor beta hCG levels over 48–72 hours to see if they rise appropriately before concluding there is a risk.

3. What are the main causes of early pregnancy loss?
Common causes include chromosomal abnormalities, hormonal issues, implantation problems, and maternal health conditions like thyroid disorders.

4. How is beta hCG tested?
Beta hCG is measured through a blood test or a beta hCG pregnancy test to track hormone levels during early pregnancy.

5. Can low beta hCG levels be treated?
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. ICPRM specialists may recommend hormone support, monitoring, or other interventions depending on individual circumstances.

6. How often should beta hCG levels be monitored?
Typically, levels are measured every 48–72 hours in early pregnancy to ensure they are rising appropriately.

7. Why should I choose ICPRM for early pregnancy concerns?
ICPRM provides comprehensive evaluations, personalized treatment plans, and emotional support, guided by experienced recurrent miscarriage specialists.